• Wrap up on the forebrain
• White matter tracts
• The peripheral nervous system

• Immediately lateral to lateral ventricles
• Memories of specific facts or events
• Fornix projects to hypothalamus
• Mammillary bodies

• Physiological state, behavioral readiness, affect
• NOT the fear center! (LeDoux 2015).

Cerebral hemispheres

Groove (sulcus or sulci)

Bumps (gyrus or gyri)

Grey vs.white matter

Lobes

Frontal

Temporal

Parietal

Occipital

Longitudinal fissure

Where is it?

• Anterior to central sulcus
• Superior to lateral fissure
• Dorsal to temporal lobe

What does it do?

• Primary motor cortex (M1)
  • Supplementary motor cortex
  • Frontal eye fields (FEF)
• Prefrontal cortex
  • Planning, problem solving, working memory…?

What does it do?

• Basal forebrain
  • Nucleus accumbens
• Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
• Primary olfactory cortex

Where is it?

• Ventral to frontal, parietal lobes
• Inferior to lateral fissure

What does it do?

• Primary auditory cortex
• Object, face recognition
• Storage of memories about events, objects
• Amygdala, hippocampus

Where is it?

• Caudal to frontal lobe
• Dorsal to temporal lobe
• Posterior to central sulcus

What does it do?

• Primary somatosensory cortex
• Perception of spatial relations, action planning

Where is it?

• Caudal to parietal & temporal lobes

What does it do?

• Primary visual cortex (V1)

Where is it?

• medial to temporal lobe
• deep inside lateral fissure

What does it do?

• Primary gustatory cortex
• self-awareness, interpersonal experiences, motor control

Korbinian Brodmann

• Cytoarchitectonic differences in cerebral cortex

Rostral/Caudal axis

• Spinal column w/ vertebrae
• Cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1)
• Spinal segments & 31 nerve pairs
• Cauda equina

Organization of the spinal cord

• Dorsal/Ventral
  • Dorsal root (sensory)
  • Ventral root (mostly motor)
• Grey (interior) vs. white matter (exterior)

Somatic division

Autonomic

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

• Afferents (input), efferents (output), or mixed
• Innervate head and neck
• Olfactory (I), ocular (II), (VIII) auditory, vagus (X), etc.
• Spinal nerves

Brainstem

Projection fibers

Association fibers

Commissural fibers

• Corticospinal tract (descending/efferent)
• Dorsal column/medial lemniscus (ascending/afferent)
• Superior/inferior cerebellar peduncles (from/to cerebellum)

• Internal capsule
  • Thalamic radiation
  • Cortico-{pontine, bulbar, reticular} tracts

• Superior/inferior longitudinal fasciculus
  • Arcuate fasciculus part of sup. long. f.
• Superior/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
• Cingulum, fornix (hyp-hip), stria terminalis (hyp-amyg)

• Corpus callosum
• Anterior commissure (AC)
• Posterior commissure (PC)

• CNS & PNS components
• Controls “vegetative functions”
  • Limited voluntary control
• Two divisions
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic

• Prepares body for action
• “Fight or flight”
• Spinal cord
  • ganglion chain along spinal column to End organs
• NTs
  • Preganglionic: ACh
  • Post: NE

• “Around” sympathetic
• Restorative function
• “Rest & digest”
• Spinal cord (or Vagus n.) -> ganglia near end organs -> end organ
  • NT: ACh

• Neuroanatomy lab